Examination methods

The following section provides information on the most frequently used methods to detect myomas and locate their exact position.

Myomas that do not cause any discomfort are often detected by accident during a tactile or ultrasound examination. In order to obtain a better impression of the location and size of existing myomas, further examinations can be carried out.

Gynecological palpation

Gynecological palpation

Palpation is very beneficial for patients as it causes no pain. Larger myomas can be particularly well palpated if they are located on the front and rear side of the uterus. Myomas near the cervix are easily visible, smaller myomas are more difficult to detect.

Ultrasound in addition to palpation

Ultrasound in addition to palpation

To confirm the results of palpation, an ultrasound scan is often carried out. This is usually performed via the vagina. The physician in charge gains more precise information about size and location of the myoma. If the ultrasound does not give a clear diagnosis, a hysteroscopy or laparoscopy can follow.

Hysteroscopy 

Hysteroscopy 

A hysteroscopy is carried out if a myoma in need of treatment is suspected in the endometrium or in the muscle wall. To examine the uterus from within, the attending physician inserts a hysteroscope into the uterine cavity via the vagina. These thin surgical instruments do not require anesthesia. If devices with a larger diameter are used, partial anesthesia can be sensible. To examine the uterine cavity properly, it is necessary to expand it with the help of liquid. All in all, a hysteroscopy is a low-risk examination which is simple to carry out.

Laparoscopy 

Laparoscopy 

A laparoscopy is necessary if a myoma in need of treatment is suspected on the outside of the uterus. The doctor will carry out a laparoscopy to detect effects on other organs, causes for infertility or unclear pain in the lower abdomen. While the patient is under general anesthesia, the physician first fills the abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide gas via a small incision in the navel and then introduces an optical instrument into the abdomen.

Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging

If the findings are unclear, a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI scan) is used. MRI is a method that visualizes the structure and function of tissue and organs in the body vividly on a screen. It is based on the physical principles of nuclear magnetic resonance and is therefore also called nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).